The Effect of Temperature on Manufacturing Process of Tannin Acid-Based Adhesive Materials on Mechanical and Physical Properties

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Published Mar 15, 2026
https://doi.org/10.55043/jfpc.v5i1.570
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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): ARTICLES IN PRESS

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Mastariyanto Perdana
Universitas Andalas
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-670X
Hairul Abral
Universitas Andalas
Lovely Son
Universitas Andalas
Nanang Masruchin
National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN)
Muhammad Azmi
Institut Teknologi Padang
Kadriadi Kadriadi
Politeknik Industri Logam Morowali

Abstract

This study focuses on the development and characterization of adhesives based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), Tannic Acid (TA), and Cellulose Nanofibre (CNF). The main objective is to optimize the temperature used in the production process. Phenol-formaldehyde and other synthetic adhesives frequently encounter environmental obstacles, necessitating the search for more ecologically sound alternatives. TA, a naturally occurring polyphenolic molecule, has significant potential as an eco-friendly glue ingredient. This study assesses the impact of temperature fluctuations (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90°C) during the glue manufacturing process on its mechanical characteristics, specifically emphasizing shear stress. Experiments were conducted at a rotational speed of 1500 revolutions per minute (RPM) for 30 minutes. The results indicated that the adhesive performed best at 90°C, achieving a maximum shear stress value of 3.41 MPa. The results demonstrated a significant enhancement in the shear strength of the bioadhesive, exhibiting an approximately sixfold increase as the processing temperature was elevated from 30°C to 90°C. Microstructural analysis reveals that the voids formed during the mixing process decrease at this specific temperature. The results indicate that elevated temperatures lead to a significant reduction in void formation. The FTIR measurement revealed the absorption of hydroxyl groups around 3305 cm⁻¹, suggesting the presence of robust crosslinking. Furthermore, elevated temperatures lead to a significant reduction of free OH- groups within the bioadhesive. The PVA/TA/CNF adhesive possesses extensive potential for application in industries that necessitate adhesives with exceptional strength. The study is anticipated to offer comprehensive understanding of how to improve the manufacturing process of TA-based adhesives, and its impact on the creation of adhesive materials that are more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

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Author Biographies

Mastariyanto Perdana, Universitas Andalas

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Hairul Abral, Universitas Andalas

Laboratory of Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering

Lovely Son, Universitas Andalas

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Nanang Masruchin, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN)

Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts

Muhammad Azmi, Institut Teknologi Padang

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Kadriadi Kadriadi, Politeknik Industri Logam Morowali

Department of Mechanical Maintenance Engineering

How to Cite
Perdana, M., Abral, H., Son, L., Masruchin, N., Azmi, M., & Kadriadi, K. (2026). The Effect of Temperature on Manufacturing Process of Tannin Acid-Based Adhesive Materials on Mechanical and Physical Properties. Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites, 5(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.55043/jfpc.v5i1.570

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